This indicates your personal standing men and women was far more important compared to gender and you may age of an individual
The results from the MixSIAR modeling found that game birds (step step three3%), C3 plants (2cuatro%) and terrestrial herbivores (20%) were the main food sources for the Imdang population, while marine animals (16%) and C4 plants (7%) were also additionally consumed. This indicates that the majority of the dietary protein (84%) at the Imdang site was from terrestrial sources. The results also indicate that the Imdang inhabitants depended more on C3 plants (rice, wheat, barley and soybean) than C4 plants (millets). In particular, the contribution of C3 plants (24%) to the total diet is three times higher than C4 plants (7%). In addition, the results also show that animal protein had a large proportional contribution (69%) to the whole diet. Within the five food groups, game birds were the the perfect match bio örnekleri highest contribution to the whole diet of the Imdang people, indicating the intensive hunting of game birds (pheasants, bustard, wild goose, and swan) (Fig. 5). Terrestrial herbivores also had a significant contribution to the whole diet of the Imdang population. The Imdang people hunted wild herbivores (deer, wild boar and hare) for meat. Overall, most animal foods in the Imdang diets derived from the subsistence hunting of game birds, and terrestrial herbivores.
The work presented here is significant to better understanding the subsistence economy during the Proto-Three Kingdoms period (BC 108–313 AD). Previous isotopic studies indicated that humans had diets mainly based on C3 plants and terrestrial animals during the Proto-Three Kingdoms 56,59 . However, it is difficult to infer which food items were consumed because flora and fauna remains were not found with the burials. In this study, our data showed that C3 plants (rice, peach, persimmon, and apricot) and terrestrial animals (pheasant, bustard, wild boar, deer, and hare) were the main resources in the diet of Imdang. This means that domesticated plants as well as hunting wild animals played an important role in the Imdang economy. Furthermore, our data show that s, rockfish, and puffer fish) made a detectable contribution (16%) to the Imdang diet. This suggests that the inland Imdang people intentionally imported and consumed marine fish and shellfish from the coastal regions. Thus, we can assume that the Apdok had a diversified subsistence strategy for stable food supply. Several studies have suggested that humans domesticated and consumed the livestock during this time period 59 . However, it is not possible to determine how much livestock were consumed due to their isotopic similarity to the game birds. Thus, additional work is needed to better determine the significance of livestock to the total subsistence economy during the Proto-Three Kingdoms period.
Prior zooarchaeological research unearthed that several remains from terrestrial and you will marine animals have been retrieved regarding Imdang tombs 37,60 . Although many of those skeletal stays was basically retrieved about chief and you may auxiliary spaces, that isn’t clear if or not such terrestrial and marine pets had been privately ate or only useful funeral ceremonies. Earlier degree ideal your dogs from the compartments was canned getting practices 60 . Very pheasants about double solid wood compartments was retrieved as opposed to thoughts, necks, feet, and wings and also the disarticulated remains out of merely meaty pieces was indeed utilized in container jars several,37 . It is thought that the fresh new pets were a specialty having mortuary traditions and you can funeral ceremonies. But not, our isotopic overall performance explain the terrestrial and you can aquatic pets found from the Imdang piles were ate getting each day food since the really given that useful for routine products. Specifically, video game birds portrayed a critical proteins provider about Imdang every single day diet plan.
On the other hand, the new retainers got increased contribution regarding bush information on their diet as compared to elites
However, there were significant differences in the diets between elites and retainers, even though they were buried in the same graves. Thus, we can postulate that the isotopic variation among the individuals reflects their different social positions within the Apdok society. The model outputs show that the Imdang elites consumed greater amounts of game birds and seafood. In particular, the elites had a higher contribution of seafood to the whole diet compared with the retainers. Thus the Imdang elites consumed more marine foods, even though there was an additional procured expense to transport the marine fish and shell fish from the coast. The retainers consumed more C4 plants than the elites, suggesting a limited access to animal resources and more consumption of millets. The isotopic variation within individuals supports the notion that the Imdang was a stratified society with a strict system of food supply and demand.